Saturday, May 16, 2026

Seventh Sunday of Easter A


Catechism Links [1]

CCC 2746-2751: Christ’s prayer at the Last Supper
CCC 312, 434, 648, 664: the Father glorifies Christ
CCC 2614, 2741: Jesus prays for us
CCC 726, 2617-2619, 2673-2679: at prayer with Mary

“St Peter in Penitence”
by El Greco, 1580s
 
Readings for the Seventh Week of Easter [2]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [3]
 
Readings and Commentary:[4]
 
Reading 1: Acts 1:12-14
 
After Jesus had been taken up to heaven the apostles
returned to Jerusalem
from the mount called Olivet, which is near Jerusalem,
a sabbath day’s journey away.
 
When they entered the city
they went to the upper room where they were staying,
Peter and John and James and Andrew,
Philip and Thomas, Bartholomew and Matthew,
James son of Alphaeus, Simon the Zealot,
and Judas son of James.
All these devoted themselves with one accord to prayer,
together with some women,
and Mary the mother of Jesus, and his brothers.
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Commentary on Acts 1:12-14
 
This passage provides part of the introductory comments of St. Luke as he begins the Acts of the Apostles. Like any well written story, he connects the events that have just taken place in his first volume The Gospel of Luke, with what will follow. In the first verses Jesus ascended and told them to expect the gift of the Holy Spirit. In this selection the disciples with Mary the Mother of Jesus and his extended family return to Jerusalem and enter the locked room. Important to recognize is the presence not just of the apostles but of Mary, ever faithful to her son.
 
"Here we see Mary as the spiritual center round which Jesus' intimate friends gather: tradition has meditated on this 'tableau', and found it to depict our Lady's motherhood over the whole Church, both at its beginning and over the course of the centuries." [5]
 
CCC: Acts 1:14 726, 1310, 2617, 2623, 2673
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 27:1, 4, 7-8
 
R. (13) I believe that I shall see the good things of the Lord in the land of the living.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
The Lord is my light and my salvation;
whom should I fear?
The Lord is my life’s refuge;
of whom should I be afraid?
R. I believe that I shall see the good things of the Lord in the land of the living.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
One thing I ask of the Lord;
this I seek:
To dwell in the house of the Lord
all the days of my life,
That I may gaze on the loveliness of the Lord
and contemplate his temple.
R. I believe that I shall see the good things of the Lord in the land of the living.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
Hear, O Lord, the sound of my call;
have pity on me, and answer me.
Of you my heart speaks; you my glance seeks.
R. I believe that I shall see the good things of the Lord in the land of the living.
or:
R. Alleluia.
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Commentary on Ps 27:1, 4, 7-8
 
Psalm 27 is an individual lament with two distinct parts. This passage focuses on the singer's hope in the mercy of God and his salvation. Pleading for God’s salvation, the psalmist seeks his saving hand.
 
CCC: Ps 27:8 2730
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Reading II: 1 Peter 4:13-16
 
Beloved:
Rejoice to the extent that you share in the
sufferings of Christ,
so that when his glory is revealed
you may also rejoice exultantly.
If you are insulted for the name of Christ, blessed are you,
for the Spirit of glory and of God rests upon you.
But let no one among you be made to suffer
as a murderer, a thief, an evildoer, or as an intriguer.
But whoever is made to suffer as a Christian should not be ashamed
but glorify God because of the name.
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Commentary on 1 Pt 4:13-16
 
The Apostle speaks clearly of persecution experienced in the infant church. Many scholars believe he is referring to actual events rather than making a prophetic statement. He asks the faithful to rejoice in being so blessed as to share in Christ’s sufferings since they are shouldering the mission of Christ by doing so and in that work they give glory to the Father.
 
CCC: 1 Pt 4:14 693
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Gospel: John 17:1-11a
 
Jesus raised his eyes to heaven and said,
“Father, the hour has come.
Give glory to your son, so that your son may glorify you,
just as you gave him authority over all people,
so that your son may give eternal life to all you gave him.
Now this is eternal life,
that they should know you, the only true God,
and the one whom you sent, Jesus Christ.
I glorified you on earth
by accomplishing the work that you gave me to do.
Now glorify me, Father, with you,
with the glory that I had with you before the world began.
 
“I revealed your name to those whom you gave me out of the world.
They belonged to you, and you gave them to me,
and they have kept your word.
Now they know that everything you gave me is from you,
because the words you gave to me I have given to them,
and they accepted them and truly understood that I came from you,
and they have believed that you sent me.
I pray for them.
I do not pray for the world but for the ones you have given me,
because they are yours, and everything of mine is yours
and everything of yours is mine,
and I have been glorified in them.
And now I will no longer be in the world,
but they are in the world, while I am coming to you.
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Commentary on Jn 17:1-11a
 
Raising his eyes to heaven, Jesus begins what is known as the “High Priestly Prayer.”  In this first section, the Lord begins a petition for the disciples (those he has at that time and those to come), speaking directly to the Father (not to the disciples, they are just overhearing this prayer). The emphasis is clearly that the disciples have become what the Lord wanted, faithful believers, and he asks the Father to support them. He intercedes for those who were given to him by the Father (“I revealed your name to those whom you gave me out of the world,” the Apostles and their followers). The Lord singles out the faithful for the Father’s special care, asking that they be glorified with him as he departs the world.
 
CCC: Jn 17 2604, 2746, 2758; Jn 17:1 730, 1085, 2750; Jn 17:2 2750; Jn 17:3 217, 684, 1721, 1996, 2751, Sans; Jn 17:4 1069, 2750; Jn 17:5 2750; Jn 17:6-10 2751; Jn 17:6 589, 2750, 2750, 2812; Jn 17:7 2765; Jn 17:8 2812; Jn 17:9 2750; Jn 17:10 2750; Jn 17:11 2747, 2749, 2750, 2750, 2815, 2849
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Reflection:
 
The Easter season draws to a close and the Church begins to look forward to its mission.  The Lord leaves us both his Holy Spirit and his blessing in the High Priestly Prayer initiated in the Gospel from St. John.  We hear in his passionate words how much he loves us, asking his Heavenly Father to care for those whom he has called and who remain faithful to his word and work.
 
St. Peter was there hearing these words and it was because of this that in his later ministry we hear him enjoining the early Christians to not only accept the persecution they received because of their identity as followers of Christ, but to rejoice because in their suffering the Lord’s work still goes on, to the Father’s Glory.  Their suffering should be a source of consolation.  Indeed the mission the Lord leaves us is not one loved by the world.  It was not loved when Jesus walked the earth, it was not loved when the early Church struggled to spread the Gospel message, and it is not loved today.
 
The Lord’s death and resurrection were the starting point, not the conclusion of Christ’s life with his people.  He did not leave the Holy Spirit as a caretaker; he left it as a goad, as an encouragement and strength so that God’s revelation might be continued through those God had given him and those the Triune God continues to give.
 
As our season of joy comes to a close in the last week of Easter, we leave you with a wise saying that should be a great solace to all who suffer for the mission of Christ – “You cannot wring your hands and roll up your sleeves at the same time.”
 
Pax

[1] Catechism links are taken from the Homiletic Directory, Published by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, 29 June 2014
[2] The picture is “St Peter in Penitence” by El Greco, 1580s.
[3] S.S. Commemoratio
[4] The readings are taken from the New American Bible with the exception of the Psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[5] The Navarre Bible, Gospels and Acts (Scepter Publishers, Princeton, NJ, © 2002), 722.

Wednesday, May 13, 2026

The Ascension of the Lord A

Or Feast of Saint Matthias, Apostle [1]
 
Catechism Links [2]
 
CCC 659-672, 697, 792, 965, 2795: the Ascension

“No. 38 Scenes from the Life of Christ:
22. Ascension”
by Giotto di Bondone,
1304-06.
 
Readings for The Ascension of the Lord [3]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [4]
 
Readings and Commentary: [5]
 
Reading 1: Acts 1:1-11
 
In the first book, Theophilus,
I dealt with all that Jesus did and taught
until the day he was taken up,
after giving instructions through the Holy Spirit
to the apostles whom he had chosen.
He presented himself alive to them
by many proofs after he had suffered,
appearing to them during forty days
and speaking about the kingdom of God.
While meeting with them,
he enjoined them not to depart from Jerusalem,
but to wait for “the promise of the Father
about which you have heard me speak;
for John baptized with water,
but in a few days you will be baptized with the Holy Spirit.”
 
When they had gathered together they asked him,
“Lord, are you at this time going to restore the kingdom to Israel?”
He answered them, “It is not for you to know the times or seasons
that the Father has established by his own authority.
But you will receive power when the Holy Spirit comes upon you,
and you will be my witnesses in Jerusalem,
throughout Judea and Samaria,
and to the ends of the earth.”
When he had said this, as they were looking on,
he was lifted up, and a cloud took him from their sight.
While they were looking intently at the sky as he was going,
suddenly two men dressed in white garments stood beside them.
They said, “Men of Galilee,
why are you standing there looking at the sky?
This Jesus who has been taken up from you into heaven
will return in the same way as you have seen him going into heaven.”
-------------------------------------------
Commentary on Acts 1:1-11
 
These are the introductory comments of St. Luke, as he begins the Acts of the Apostles. Like any well-written story, he connects the events that have just taken place in his first volume, the Gospel of Luke, with what will follow.
 
Using the interval of days, Luke links the Resurrection, Christ’s glorification, and his ascension with the appearance of the Holy Spirit – the Paschal Mystery. Christ’s departure marks the end of his direct involvement with the Apostles, except for his appearance to Paul on the road to Damascus. The passage concludes with a unique description of the actual event of Jesus being taken into heaven.
 
CCC: Acts 1:1-2 512; Acts 1:3 659; Acts 1:6-7 672; Acts 1:7 474, 673; Acts 1:8 672, 730, 735, 857, 1287; Acts 1:9 659, 697; Acts 1:10-11 333; Acts 1:11 665
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 47:2-3, 6-7, 8-9
 
R. (6) God mounts his throne to shouts of joy: a blare of trumpets for the Lord.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
All you peoples, clap your hands,
shout to God with cries of gladness,
For the Lord, the Most High, the awesome,
is the great king over all the earth.
R. God mounts his throne to shouts of joy: a blare of trumpets for the Lord.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
God mounts his throne amid shouts of joy;
the Lord, amid trumpet blasts.
Sing praise to God, sing praise;
sing praise to our king, sing praise.
R. God mounts his throne to shouts of joy: a blare of trumpets for the Lord.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
For king of all the earth is God;
sing hymns of praise.
God reigns over the nations,
God sits upon his holy throne.
R. God mounts his throne to shouts of joy: a blare of trumpets for the Lord.
or:
R. Alleluia.
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Commentary on Ps 47:2-3, 6-7, 8-9
 
Psalm 47 is a hymn of praise celebrating God’s enthronement and kingship over the people. The imagery in the second strophe (v. 6) strongly suggests the movement of the Ark of the Covenant being processed and installed as part of this celebration. The song concludes with a proclamation of the universal claim of God – King of all the earth.
 
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Reading II: Ephesians 1:17-23
 
Brothers and sisters:
May the God of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of glory,
give you a Spirit of wisdom and revelation
resulting in knowledge of him.
May the eyes of your hearts be enlightened,
that you may know what is the hope that belongs to his call,
what are the riches of glory
in his inheritance among the holy ones,
and what is the surpassing greatness of his power for us who believe,
in accord with the exercise of his great might,
which he worked in Christ,
raising him from the dead
and seating him at his right hand in the heavens,
far above every principality, authority, power, and dominion,
and every name that is named
not only in this age but also in the one to come.
And he put all things beneath his feet
and gave him as head over all things to the church,
which is his body,
the fullness of the one who fills all things in every way.
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Commentary on Eph 1:17-23
 
The selection provided is part of St. Paul’s introductory comments to the Ephesians. His focus in this passage underlines the enlightenment flowing from the Holy Spirit. The final sentences provide an understanding of the power assumed by the Lord as he ascends to the Father.
 
The prayer for enlightenment promotes the idea that only through an understanding of God’s great sacrifice can the hope offered by the Savior be realized. The Apostle emphasizes the power and majesty of Jesus, placing his sacrifice in perspective: “he put all things beneath his feet and gave him as head over all things.” How much love was shown to God’s creation by offering up one whose state is so exalted? St. Paul’s concluding verse also introduces his concept of the Church as the living body of Christ, a theme that he developed in earlier letters to other congregations (cf. Romans 12: 4f1 Corinthians 12:12ff).
 
CCC: Eph 1:16-23 2632; Eph 1:18 158; Eph 1:19-22 272, 648; Eph 1:20-22 668; Eph 1:22-23 830; Eph 1:22 669, 753, 2045
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Gospel: Matthew 28:16-20
 
The eleven disciples went to Galilee,
to the mountain to which Jesus had ordered them.
When they saw him, they worshiped, but they doubted.
Then Jesus approached and said to them,
“All power in heaven and on earth has been given to me.
Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations,
baptizing them in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,
teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.
And behold, I am with you always, until the end of the age.”
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Commentary on Mt 28:16-20
 
This passage from the Gospel of St. Matthew presents the "commissioning” monologue that concludes this Gospel. The doubting disciples are reassured that all the Lord had predicted, and all the prophets had foretold, had come to pass, and the Lord had now assumed his place with the Father. 
 
“This moment of encounter on the mountain is fraught with tense solemnity that cuts deep into the flesh of the apostles’ faith. Yes, they have responded to the summons that both the angel and Jesus himself sent them through the women. And yes, despite their misgivings, they have faithfully come to the precise place of their appointment with Jesus on this mountain. Nevertheless, it is all too evident that the apostles are not as unequivocally filled with joy as the two Marys were. The text tellingly makes no mention of the rejoicing by the disciples in its description of their reaction on encountering their risen Lord.  Instead we read: ‘When they saw him they worshiped him; but some doubted.’ There are different ways of interpreting this mixed response. I, for my part, read it as signifying a total shift of theological focus on the part of the evangelist as he portrays the meeting that is the climax of his whole Gospel.” [6]
 
The Lord then sends them out to continue his earthly mission. His command to them is an important one: “Go, therefore, and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, teaching them to observe all that I have commanded you.” In this statement, we receive the proper “form” and institution of the Sacrament of Baptism and the command to bring all nations to follow the Lord. The critically important emphasis here is "make disciples," which goes beyond the sacramental act of Baptism, the imparting of the Holy Spirit, to converting the hearts of those so washed. Finally, he reassures them that he will be with them always.
 
“What strikes us very forcefully at once in these solemn words of Jesus to the Eleven is their absolutist, all-encompassing character. He declares that he himself is the heir of all authority both in heaven and on earth; he commissions the apostles to go and baptize all nations; and he enjoins them to teach others to observe all that he has commanded them. To this we should add the immediately concluding promise that seals the Gospel of Matthew: ‘I [will be] with you [all the days until] the close of the age” (28:20b).’[7]
 
CCC: Mt 28:16-20 857, 1444; Mt 28:16-17 645; Mt 28:17 644; Mt 28:18-20 1120; Mt 28:19-20 2, 767, 849, 1223, 1257, 1276
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Reflection:
 
We ask the question on this solemn day, “Why was more not made of the Lord’s ascension to the Father?”  While it is referred to in Scripture in some places, it is not even mentioned in the Gospel of St. Matthew or St. John’s for that matter.  In St. Mark’s Gospel it is given only one verse (and some scholars say this may have been a later addition, not even intended by the author when it was first published).  In the Scripture St. Luke (Lk 24:46-53) speaks of the event.  But unlike the resurrection and even the birth of Jesus, about this event, the final event in the Lord’s presence among us, we are only given a few verses.  Even St. Paul’s support speaks of the Lord’s ascension as the necessary conclusion to Christ’s ministry on earth rather than a tremendous event.  Why is that we wonder?
 
We look to our next most important source, the Patristic Fathers, the earliest theologians, those mighty minds that first considered the very nature of Christ and His Church.  We find little written about the importance of the ascension of Christ from that source.  St. Thomas Aquinas did treat the subject in the Summa Theologica in the Third Part (Tertia Pars): considering the life of Christ he devotes a question to the topic (Question 57). While asking about the rationale and effect of Christ’s ascension, he does not question the reason for its lack of prominence.
 
Having found little to answer the question from pre-existing sources, we must use our own understanding of Christ and of human nature to infer the reasons.  First, we look at the situation in real-time and set in its historical perspective.  We know that the Lord ascended on the fortieth day following his resurrection from the dead (“The elevation of Christ into heaven by His own power in presence of His disciples the fortieth day after His Resurrection. It is narrated in Mark 16:19, Luke 24:51, and in the first chapter of the Acts of the Apostles.”[8]). The disciples have just gone from anguish at the Lord’s death to joy at his promised resurrection.  The event that fulfilled God’s promise and was proof of salvation.  What is the last thing they would want?  They would not want to lose him again.
 
In a really enjoyable story, the ending is “and they all lived happily ever after.”  The fact that Christ died and rose from the dead is the happy ending.  The Ascension of the Lord, even though it was foretold as well, was not something either the disciples or the early Church wanted to dwell upon.  It meant that Jesus, the man, the living proof of God’s inestimable love, was no longer with them in body.
 
The Ascension of the Lord is a happy day for us.  It is truly the happy ending that had to be.  Jesus returned as he said he would.  He left his final instructions with his friends before departing “to take his seat at the right hand of the Father.”  We rejoice today in that knowledge because it was necessary that he go on before us to prepare that place where we and all who walk in faith hope one day to follow.  Even though it does not consume volumes of Scripture, we rejoice as the Lord returns to the Father for us.
 
Pax
 
[1] Outside of the Ecclesiastical Provinces of Boston, Hartford, New York, Newark, Omaha, Philadelphia.
[2] Catechism links are taken from the Homiletic Directory, Published by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, 29 June 2014.
[3] The picture used today is “No. 38 Scenes from the Life of Christ: 22. Ascension” by Giotto di Bondone,1304-06.
[4] S.S. Commemoratio
[5] The readings are taken from the New American Bible with the exception of the Psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[6] Erasmo Leiva-Merikakis, Fire of Mercy Heart of the Word Volume IV (Ignatius Press, San Francisco, CA © 2021), 642-43.
[7] Ibid p. 645-46
[8] The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume I. Nihil Obstat, March 1, 1907. Remy Lafort, S.T.D., Censor. Imprimatur. +John Cardinal Farley, Archbishop of New York, Ascension, Written by John J. Wynne. Transcribed by Joseph P. Thomas. (Published 1907. New York: Robert Appleton Company).

Friday, June 6, 2025

PENTECOST SUNDAY AT THE VIGIL MASS

 
Extended Vigil - For the Extended Vigil Psalms are added between each of the optional readings.  The red links lead to the text, response, and commentary for these options.
 
These readings are used at Saturday Evening Mass celebrated either before or after Evening Prayer I of Pentecost Sunday.
 
Catechism Links [1]
 
CCC 696, 726, 731-732, 737-741, 830, 1076, 1287, 2623: Pentecost
CCC 599, 597,674, 715: apostolic witness on Pentecost
CCC 1152, 1226, 1302, 1556: the mystery of Pentecost continues in the Church
CCC 767, 775, 798, 796, 813, 1097, 1108-1109: the Church, communion in the Spirit
 
"Pentecost"
by Joseph Ignaz Mildorfer, 1750s


Readings Pentecost Sunday at the Vigil Mass [2]
 
Readings from the Jerusalem Bible [3]
 
Readings and Commentary: [4]
 
FIRST READING
Genesis 11:1-9
 
The whole world spoke the same language, using the same words.
While the people were migrating in the east,
they came upon a valley in the land of Shinar and settled there.
They said to one another,
"Come, let us mold bricks and harden them with fire."
They used bricks for stone, and bitumen for mortar.
Then they said, "Come, let us build ourselves a city
and a tower with its top in the sky,
and so make a name for ourselves;
otherwise we shall be scattered all over the earth."
 
The LORD came down to see the city and the tower
that the people had built.
Then the LORD said: "If now, while they are one people,
all speaking the same language,
they have started to do this,
nothing will later stop them from doing whatever they presume
to do.
 
Let us then go down there and confuse their language,
so that one will not understand what another says."
Thus the LORD scattered them from there all over the earth,
and they stopped building the city.
That is why it was called Babel,
because there the LORD confused the speech of all the world.
It was from that place that he scattered them all over the earth.
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Commentary on Gen 11:1-9
 
The author uses this story as an explanation of how there came to be multiple languages used around the world. It is coupled with the moral lesson to illustrate how pride in one’s own strength is punished by God. In the story of the Tower of Babel, based upon the temple towers or ziggurats of Babylonia, the author describes the increasing wickedness of the people as they thought they could accomplish anything they wanted without God’s help.
 
CCC: Gen 11:4-6 57
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 33:10-11, 12-13, 14-15
 
OR B
 
Exodus 19:3-8a, 16-20b
 
Moses went up the mountain to God.
Then the LORD called to him and said,
"Thus shall you say to the house of Jacob;
tell the Israelites:
You have seen for yourselves how I treated the Egyptians
and how I bore you up on eagle wings
and brought you here to myself.
Therefore, if you hearken to my voice and keep my covenant,
you shall be my special possession,
dearer to me than all other people,
though all the earth is mine.
You shall be to me a kingdom of priests, a holy nation.
That is what you must tell the Israelites."
So Moses went and summoned the elders of the people.
When he set before them
all that the LORD had ordered him to tell them,
the people all answered together,
"Everything the LORD has said, we will do."
 
On the morning of the third day
there were peals of thunder and lightning,
and a heavy cloud over the mountain,
and a very loud trumpet blast,
so that all the people in the camp trembled.
But Moses led the people out of the camp to meet God,
and they stationed themselves at the foot of the mountain.
Mount Sinai was all wrapped in smoke,
for the LORD came down upon it in fire
The smoke rose from it as though from a furnace,
and the whole mountain trembled violently.
The trumpet blast grew louder and louder, while Moses was
speaking,
and God answering him with thunder.
 
When the LORD came down to the top of Mount Sinai,
he summoned Moses to the top of the mountain.
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Commentary on Ex 19:3-8a, 16-20b
 
This passage marks the opening verses of God’s covenant with Israel following the flight from Egypt. Through Moses, God makes a divine offer (“if you hearken to my voice and keep my covenant, you shall be my special possession”). The offer includes the entire people of Israel, consecrated to God a “kingdom of priests.” When Christ was rejected by the Jewish leadership, the promise fell to the faithful Christians, a priestly people, guided liturgically by priests of the Aaronic tradition (like Melchizedek of old).
 
Again the image of heavenly power is expressed in lightning and thunder, fire and smoke. and Moses is summoned to the “high place” of Mount Sinai, a clear sign to the people that he goes to be in the presence of God. This episode establishes Moses as God’s emissary.
 
CCC: Ex 19 751, 2060; Ex 19:5-6 709, 762, 2810; Ex 19:6 63, 1539; Ex 19:16-25 2085
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Responsorial Psalm: Daniel 3:52, 53, 54, 55, 56
 
OR:
Psalm 19:8, 9, 10, 11
 
OR C
Ezekiel 37:1-14
 
The hand of the LORD came upon me,
and he led me out in the spirit of the LORD
and set me in the center of the plain,
which was now filled with bones.
He made me walk among the bones in every direction
so that I saw how many they were on the surface of the plain.
How dry they were!
He asked me:
Son of man, can these bones come to life?
I answered, "Lord GOD, you alone know that."
Then he said to me:
Prophesy over these bones, and say to them:
Dry bones, hear the word of the LORD!
Thus says the Lord GOD to these bones:
See! I will bring spirit into you, that you may come to life.
I will put sinews upon you, make flesh grow over you,
cover you with skin, and put spirit in you
so that you may come to life and know that I am the LORD.
I, Ezekiel, prophesied as I had been told,
and even as I was prophesying I heard a noise;
it was a rattling as the bones came together, bone joining bone.
I saw the sinews and the flesh come upon them,
and the skin cover them, but there was no spirit in them.
Then the LORD said to me:
Prophesy to the spirit, prophesy, son of man,
and say to the spirit: Thus says the Lord GOD:
From the four winds come, O spirit,
and breathe into these slam that they may come to life.
I prophesied as he told me, and the spirit came into them;
they came alive and stood upright, a vast army.
Then he said to me:
Son of man, these bones are the whole house of Israel.
They have been saying,
"Our bones are dried up,
our hope is lost, and we are cut off."
Therefore, prophesy and say to them: Thus says the Lord GOD:
O my people, 1 will open your graves
and have you rise from them,
and bring you back to the land of Israel.
Then you shall know that I am the LORD,
when I open your graves and have you rise from them,
O my people!
I will put my spirit in you that you may live,
and I will settle you upon your land;
thus you shall know that I am the LORD.
I have promised, and I will do it, says the LORD
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Commentary on Ez 37:1-14
 
The prophet is in Babylon and has the mystical experience of being led into the desert among bones (possibly of those who died in battle). Rather than speaking of “the resurrection” he is speaking of the restoration of Israel. His prophesying is intended to put a new spirit into the exiles that they might have hope in the Lord. From the perspective of the Christian, the reference is to the resurrection promised by Christ and the spirit breathed into the flesh seems obviously the Holy Spirit.
 
CCC: Ez 37:1-14 715; Ez 37:10 703
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Responsorial Psalm: Psalm 107:2-3, 4-5, 6-7, 8-9
 
OR D
Joel 3:1-5
 
Thus says the LORD:
I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh.
Your sons and daughters shall prophesy,
your old men shall dream dreams,
your young men shall see visions;
even upon the servants and the handmaids,
in those days, I will pour out my spirit.
And I will work wonders in the heavens and on the earth,
blood, fire, and columns of smoke;
the sun will be turned to darkness,
and the moon to blood,
at the coming of the day of the LORD,
the great and terrible day.
Then everyone shall be rescued
who calls on the name of the LORD;
for on Mount Zion there shall be a remnant,
as the LORD has said,
and in Jerusalem survivors
whom the LORD shall call.
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Commentary on Jl 3:1-5
 
The prophet Joel sees the coming “Day of the Lord” in his oracle. In his opening statement “I will pour out my spirit upon all flesh,” he foresees the Holy Spirit’s outpouring in concert with Isaiah (Isaiah 32:15), Ezekiel (Ezekiel 11:19), and Zechariah (Zechariah 12:10). This outpouring will wash away all weakness (note: the word “flesh” is used to describe human weakness: see Genesis 6:3; Psalm 78:39; Sirach 14: 17-18; Mark 14:38; and Romans 7:18).
 
In the prophet’s day, the sun and moon were often worshiped as gods. Joel envisions that the coming of the Lord will overshadow these false gods and those who were cast out of Jerusalem in the exile (“a remnant” and “survivors”) will see God as a beacon, and return.
 
CCC: Jl 3-4 678; Jl 3:1-5 715; Jl 3:1-2 1287
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RESPONSORIAL PSALM
Psalm 104:1-2, 24, 35, 27-28, 29, 30
 
R. (cf. 30) Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the
earth.
or:
R. Alleluia.
earth.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
Bless the LORD, O my soul!
O LORD, my God, you are great indeed!
You are clothed with majesty and glory,
robed in light as with a cloak.
R. Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the earth.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
How manifold are your works, O LORD!
In wisdom you have wrought them all-
the earth is full of your creatures;
bless the LORD, O my soul! Alleluia.
R. Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the earth.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
Creatures all look to you
to give them food in due time.
When you give it to them, they gather it;
when you open your hand, they are filled with good things.
R. Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the earth.
or:
R. Alleluia.
 
If you take away their breath, they perish
and return to their dust.
When you send forth your spirit, they are created,
and you renew the face of the earth.
R. Lord, send out your Spirit, and renew the face of the earth.
or:
R. Alleluia.
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Commentary on Ps 104:1-2, 24, 35, 27-28, 29, 30
 
Psalm 104 is a psalm of thanks and praise. It recalls the Genesis accounts and praises God for his creation. In this song reference is also made of the creation of life from dust and the ultimate return of the body to dust. The spirit of God gives life and renews his creation constantly, like rain upon the fields.
 
CCC: Ps 104 288; Ps 104:24 295; Ps104:30 292, 703
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SECOND READING
Romans 8:22-27
 
Brothers and sisters:
We know that all creation is groaning in labor pains even until
now;
and not only that, but we ourselves,
who have the firstfruits of the Spirit,
we also groan within ourselves
as we wait for adoption, the redemption of our bodies.
For in hope we were saved.
Now hope that sees is not hope.
For who hopes for what one sees?
But if we hope for what we do not see, we wait with endurance.
In the same way, the Spirit too comes to the aid of our weakness;
for we do not know how to pray as we ought,
but the Spirit himself intercedes with inexpressible groanings.
And the one who searches hearts
knows what is the intention of the Spirit,
because he intercedes for the holy ones
according to God's will.
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Commentary on Rom 8:22-27

In this passage, St. Paul builds upon the theme that Christian life is lived in the spirit and is destined for the glory of God. Through the Spirit, the Christian becomes a “Child of God.” The imagery portrays the Christian adoption in the Spirit as the “firstfruits”: the gift of the first return from the harvest of God that blesses the entire harvest. In the Spirit, hope manifests itself, not in the present world, but in the eternal life to come, which is awaited with patient endurance of the material world.
 
As the Christian struggles to be reborn in the Spirit, again using the imagery of a woman in labor “groaning” in her labor, the Spirit given facilitates a transformation or rebirth. The weakness becomes strength in the spirit and the person transformed into an object of God’s will.
 
CCC: Rom 8:22 2630; Rom 8:23-24 2630; Rom 8:23 735; Rom 8:26-39 2739; Rom 8:26-27 2634; Rom 8:26 741, 2559, 2630, 2736; Rom 8:27 2543, 2736, 2766
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GOSPEL
John 7:37-39
 
On the last and greatest day of the feast,
Jesus stood up and exclaimed,
"Let anyone who thirsts come to me and drink.
As Scripture says:
Rivers of living water will flow from within him who
believes in me."
 
He said this in reference to the Spirit
that those who came to believe in him were to receive.
There was, of course, no Spirit yet,
because Jesus had not yet been glorified.
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Commentary on Jn 7:37-39
 
“On each of the eight days of the feast of Tabernacles the high priest went to the pool of Siloam and used a golden cup to bring water to the temple and sprinkle it on the altar, in remembrance of the water which sprang up miraculously in the desert, asking God to send rain in plenty (cf. Exodus 17:1-7). Meanwhile, a passage from the prophet Isaiah was chanted (cf. Isaiah 12:3) which told of the coming of the Savior and of the outpouring of heavenly gifts that would accompany him; Ezekiel 47 was also read, in which it spoke of the torrents of water which would pour out of the temple. Jesus, who would have been at this ceremony, now proclaims - in the presence of a huge crowd, undoubtedly, because it was the most solemn day of the festival - that that time has come: ‘If any one thirst, let him come to me and drink.’ This invitation recalls the words of divine wisdom: ‘Come to me, you who desire me, and eat your fill’ (Sirach 24:19; cf. Proverbs 9:4-5). Our Lord presents himself as him who can fill man's heart and bring him peace (cf. also Matthew 11:28). In this connection St. Augustine exclaims: ‘You made us for yourself. Lord, and our hearts find no peace until they rest in you’ (Confessions, 1, 1, 1).” [5]
 
Jesus' scriptural reference is probably to Ezekiel 36:25ff providing a strong theological link between the initial gift of the Holy Spirit (“I will put my spirit within you “) and baptism (“I will sprinkle clean water upon you to cleanse you from all your impurities “). This symbolic action of washing, a Hebrew ritual, becomes an efficacious sign of grace when coupled with God’s presence in the Holy Spirit.
 
CCC: Jn 7:37-39 728, 1287, 2561; Jn 7:38-39 1999; Jn 7:38 694; Jn 7:39 244, 690
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Reflection:
 
As so often happens when we begin to reflect upon some spiritual subject and begin to ask the deep and difficult questions, we discover that an ancient saint has asked the same questions and has answered profoundly. Such is the case with the question we must ask at Pentecost. How does the Holy Spirit affect us? Not just as individuals, but as Church? Rather than a deacon’s ruminations we offer you the words of a saint:
 
“When the Lord told his disciples to go and teach all nations and to baptize them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, he conferred on them the power of giving men new life in God.
 
"He had promised through the prophets that in these last days he would pour out his Spirit on his servants and handmaids, and that they would prophesy. So, when the Son of God became the Son of Man, the Spirit also descended upon him, becoming accustomed in this way to dwelling with the human race, to living in men and to inhabiting God's creation. The Spirit accomplished the Father's will in men who had grown old in sin and gave them new life in Christ.
 
"Luke says that the Spirit came down on the disciples at Pentecost, after the Lord's ascension, with power to open the gates of life to all nations and to make known to them the new covenant. So it was that men of every language joined in singing one song of praise to God, and scattered tribes, restored to unity by the Spirit, were offered to the Father as the firstfruits of all the nations.
 
"This was why the Lord had promised to send the Advocate: he was to prepare us as an offering to God. Like dry flour, which cannot become one lump of dough, one loaf of bread, without moisture, we who are many could not become one in Christ Jesus without the water that comes down from heaven. And like parched ground, which yields no harvest unless it receives moisture, we who were once like a waterless tree could never have lived and borne fruit without this abundant rainfall from above. Through the baptism that liberates us from change and decay we have become one in body; through the Spirit we have become one in soul.
 
"The Spirit of wisdom and understanding, the Spirit of counsel and strength, the Spirit of knowledge and the fear of God came down upon the Lord, and the Lord in turn gave this Spirit to his Church, sending the Advocate from heaven into all the world into which, according to his own words, the devil too had been cast down like lightning.
 
"If we are not to be scorched and made unfruitful, we need the dew of God. Since we have our accuser, we need an Advocate as well. And so the Lord in his pity for man, who had fallen into the hands of brigands, having himself bound up his wounds and left for his care two coins bearing the royal image, entrusted him to the Holy Spirit. Now, through the Spirit, the image and inscription of the Father and the Son have been given to us, and it is our duty to use the coin committed to our charge and make it yield a rich profit for the Lord.” [6]
 
From the Treatise Against Heresies by St. Irenaeus, Bishop
(Lib.3, 17, 1-3:SC 34, 302-306)
 
So, on this high feast day, we reflect once more on the wondrous gift of the Holy Spirit, given in baptism to the faithful that we may always have access to the divine guidance of our Lord and Savior.  In this happy ending of our Easter of joy and the beginning of our renewed efforts to connect more completely to the Holy Spirit throughout “Ordinary Time” (which is in its liturgical meaning “extraordinary”) we pray that God’s guidance direct all of our efforts and actions.  The Holy Spirit directs us toward becoming the joy of our Heavenly Father and in that joy prepare to see him face to face in the new resurrection.
 
Pax
 

[1] Catechism links are taken from the Homiletic Directory, Published by the Congregation for Divine Worship and the Discipline of the Sacraments, 29 June 2014.
[2] The picture is "Pentecost" by Joseph Ignaz Mildorfer, 1750s.
[3] S.S. Commemoratio
[4] The readings are taken from the New American Bible, with the exception of the psalm and its response which were developed by the International Committee for English in Liturgy (ICEL). This republication is not authorized by USCCB and is for private use only.
[5] The Navarre Bible, Gospels and Acts, Scepter Publishers, Princeton, NJ, © 2002, p. 604.
[6] Catholic Book Publishing Corp., New York, 1976, Copyright © 1970, 1973, 1975, International Committee on English in Liturgy, Inc. All rights reserved. Liturgy of the Hours, Vol. III, p. 1025.

Seventh Sunday of Easter A

Pentecost Novena to the Holy Spirit Catechism Links  [1] CCC  2746-2751 : Christ’s prayer at the Last Supper CCC  312, 434, 648, 664 : the ...